《人工智能权利法案蓝图》

《人工智能权利法案蓝图》 《人工智能权利法案蓝图》 Modified November 14, 2023 You should be protected from abusive data practices via built in protections and you should have agency over how data about you is used. You should be protected from violations of privacy through design choices that ensure such protections are included by default, including ensuring that data collection conforms to reasonable expectations and that only data strictly necessary for the specific context is collected. Designers, developers, and deployers of automated systems should seek your permission and respect your decisions regarding collection, use, access, transfer, and deletion of your data in appropriate ways and to the greatest extent possible; where not possible, alternative privacy by design safeguards should be used. Systems should not employ user experience and design decisions that obfuscate user choice or burden users with defaults that are privacy invasive. Consent should only be used to justify collection of data in cases where it can be appropriately and meaningfully given. Any consent requests should be brief, be understandable in plain language, and give you agency over data collection and the specific context of use; current hard to understand notice and choice practices for broad uses of data should be changed. Enhanced protections and restrictions for data and inferences related to sensitive domains, including health, work, education, criminal justice, and finance, and for data pertaining to youth should put you first. In sensitive domains, your data and related inferences should only be used for necessary functions, and you should be protected by ethical review and use prohibitions. You and your communities should be free from unchecked surveillance; surveillance technologies should be subject to heightened oversight that includes at least pre deployment assessment of their potential harms and scope limits to protect privacy and civil liberties. Continuous surveillance and monitoring should not be used in education, work, housing, or in other contexts where the use of such surveillance technologies is likely to limit rights, opportunities, or access. Whenever possible, you should have access to reporting that confirms your data decisions have been respected and provides an assessment of the potential impact of surveillance technologies on your rights, opportunities, or access. 您应该通过内置保护措施免受滥用数据行为的影响，并且您应该对如何使用有关您的数据拥有代理权。您应该通过设计选择来保护您免受隐私侵犯，确保默认情况下包含此类保护，包括确保数据收集符合合理的期望，并且仅收集特定上下文严格必需的数据。自动化系统的设计者、开发者和部署者应寻求您的许可并尊重您以适当方式并最大程度地收集、使用、访问、传输和删除您的数据的决定；如果不可能，应使用替代的隐私设计保护措施。系统不应采用混淆用户选择的用户体验和设计决策，或通过侵犯隐私的默认设置给用户带来负担。仅在可以适当且有意义地给予同意的情况下，才应使用同意来证明数据收集的合理性。任何同意请求都应该简短，用简单的语言可以理解，并为您提供数据收集和具体使用环境的代理权；当前广泛使用数据的难以理解的通知和选择做法应该改变。加强对与敏感领域（包括健康、工作、教育、刑事司法和金融）相关的数据和推论以及与青少年相关的数据的保护和限制应该把您放在第一位。在敏感领域，您的数据和相关推论只能用于必要的功能，并且您应该受到道德审查和使用禁令的保护。 您和您的社区应该免受不受控制的监视；监视技术应受到加强的监督，至少包括对其潜在危害和范围限制进行部署前评估，以保护隐私和公民自由。持续监视和监测不应用于教育、工作、住房或使用此类监视技术可能限制权利、机会或访问的其他环境。只要有可能，您就应该有权访问报告，以确认您的数据决策已得到尊重，并评估监控技术对您的权利、机会或访问权限的潜在影响。 From Principles to Practice: Data Privacy 从原则到实践：数据隐私 Notice and Explanation 通知及说明 You should know that an automated system is being used and understand how and why it contributes to outcomes that impact you. Designers, developers, and deployers of automated systems should provide generally accessible plain language documentation including clear descriptions of the overall system functioning and the role automation plays, notice that such systems are in use, the individual or organization responsible for the system, and explanations of outcomes that are clear, timely, and accessible. Such notice should be kept up to date and people impacted by the system should be notified of significant use case or key functionality changes. You should know how and why an outcome impacting you was determined by an automated system, including when the automated system is not the sole input determining the outcome. Automated systems should provide explanations that are technically valid, meaningful and useful to you and to any operators or others who need to understand the system, and calibrated to the level of risk based on the context. Reporting that includes summary information about these automated systems in plain language and assessments of the clarity and quality of the notice and explanations should be made public whenever possible. 您应该知道正在使用自动化系统，并了解它如何以及为何会产生影响您的结果。自动化系统的设计者、开发者和部署者应提供普遍可访问的简单语言文档，包括对整个系统功能和自动化所扮演的角色的清晰描述，注意此类系统的使用情况、负责该系统的个人或组织以及对以下内容的解释：结果清晰、及时且易于获取。此类通知应保持最新，并且应将重要用例或关键功能更改通知受系统影响的人员。您应该知道影响您的结果如何以及为何由自动化系统确定，包括自动化系统何时不是确定结果的唯一输入。自动化系统应提供技术上有效、有意义且对您以及任何操作员或其他需要了解系统的人有用的解释，并根据上下文调整风险级别。应尽可能公开包含有关这些自动化系统的简明语言摘要信息以及对通知和解释的清晰度和质量的评估的报告。 From Principles to Practice: Notice and Explanation 从原理到实践：通知与解释 Human Alternatives, Consideration, and Fallback 人类的选择、考虑和后备 You should be able to opt out, where appropriate, and have access to a person who can quickly consider and remedy problems you encounter. You should be able to opt out from automated systems in favor of a human alternative, where appropriate. Appropriateness should be determined based on reasonable expectations in a given context and with a focus on ensuring broad accessibility and protecting the public from especially harmful impacts. In some cases, a human or other alternative may be required by law. You should have access to timely human consideration and remedy by a fallback and escalation process if an automated system fails, it produces an error, or you would like to appeal or contest its impacts on you. Human consideration and fallback should be accessible, equitable, effective, maintained, accompanied by appropriate operator training, and should not impose an unreasonable burden on the public. Automated systems with an intended use within sensitive domains, including, but not limited to, criminal justice, employment, education, and health, should additionally be tailored to the purpose, provide meaningful access for oversight, include training for any people interacting with the system, and incorporate human consideration for adverse or high risk decisions. Reporting that includes a description of these human governance processes and assessment of their timeliness, accessibility, outcomes, and effectiveness should be made public whenever possible. 您应该能够在适当的情况下选择退出，并能够联系能够快速考虑和解决您遇到的问题的人。在适当的情况下，您应该能够选择退出自动化系统，转而使用人工替代系统。适当性应根据特定情况下的合理期望来确定，并重点关注确保广泛的可访问性并保护公众免受特别有害的影响。在某些情况下，法律可能需要人工或其他替代方案。如果自动化系统发生故障、产生错误，或者您想上诉或质疑其对您的影响，您应该能够通过后备和升级流程及时获得人工考虑和补救。人为考虑和后备措施应易于获得、公平、有效、持续，并伴有适当的操作员培训，并且不应给公众造成不合理的负担。预期用途在敏感领域（包括但不限于刑事司法、就业、教育和健康）的自动化系统还应根据目的进行定制，提供有意义的监督访问，包括对与系统交互的任何人员进行培训，并纳入不利或高风险决策的人为考虑。包括对这些人类治理流程的描述以及对其及时性、可及性、结果和有效性的评估的报告应尽可能公开。 From Principles to Practice: Human Alternatives, Consideration, and Fallback 从原则到实践：人类的选择、考虑和后备 Applying the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights 应用人工智能权利法案蓝图 While many of the concerns addressed in this framework derive from the use of AI, the technical capabilities and specific definitions of such systems change with the speed of innovation, and the potential harms of their use occur even with less technologically sophisticated tools. 虽然该框架中解决的许多问题都源于人工智能的使用，但此类系统的技术能力和具体定义会随着创新的速度而变化，即使使用技术不太复杂的工具，其使用的潜在危害也会发生。 Thus, this framework uses a two part test to determine what systems are in scope. This framework applies to (1) automated systems that (2) have the potential to meaningfully impact the American public’s rights, opportunities, or access to critical resources or services. These Rights, opportunities, and access to critical resources of services should be enjoyed equally and be fully protected, regardless of the changing role that automated systems may play in our lives. 因此，该框架使用两部分测试来确定哪些系统在范围内。该框架适用于 (1) 自动化系统，(2) 有可能对美国公众的权利、机会或获得关键资源或服务的机会产生有意义的影响。无论自动化系统在我们的生活中扮演的角色如何变化，这些权利、机会和对关键服务资源的访问都应该平等享有并得到充分保护。 This framework describes protections that should be applied with respect to all automated systems that have the potential to meaningfully impact individuals’ or communities’ exercise of: 该框架描述了应适用于所有可能对个人或社区的行使产生有意义影响的自动化系统的保护措施： Rights, Opportunities, or Access 权利、机会或访问权 Civil rights, civil liberties, and privacy, including freedom of speech, voting, and protections from discrimination, excessive punishment, unlawful surveillance, and violations of privacy and other freedoms in both public and private sector contexts; 公民权利、公民自由和隐私，包括言论自由、投票自由以及保护公共和私营部门免受歧视、过度惩罚、非法监视以及侵犯隐私和其他自由； Equal opportunities, including equitable access to education, housing, credit, employment, and other programs; or, 机会均等，包括公平获得教育、住房、信贷、就业和其他计划的机会；或者， Access to critical resources or services, such as healthcare, financial services, safety, social services, non deceptive information about goods and services, and government benefits. 获得关键资源或服务，例如医疗保健、金融服务、安全、社会服务、有关商品和服务的非欺骗性信息以及政府福利。 A list of examples of automated systems for which these principles should be considered is provided in the Appendix. The Technical Companion, which follows, offers supportive guidance for any person or entity that creates, deploys, or oversees automated systems. 附录中提供了应考虑这些原则的自动化系统示例列表。接下来的技术指南为创建、部署或监督自动化系统的任何个人或实体提供支持性指导。 Considered together, the five principles and associated practices of the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights form an overlapping set of backstops against potential harms. This purposefully overlapping framework, when taken as a whole, forms a blueprint to help protect the public from harm. The measures taken to realize the vision set forward in this framework should be proportionate with the extent and nature of the harm, or risk of harm, to people’s rights, opportunities, and access. 综合考虑，《人工智能权利法案蓝图》的五项原则和相关实践形成了一套重叠的针对潜在危害的保障措施。这个有意重叠的框架作为一个整体，形成了一个帮助保护公众免受伤害的蓝图。为实现本框架中提出的愿景而采取的措施应与人们的权利、机会和机会受到损害或损害风险的程度和性质相称。 [i] The Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing room/presidential actions/2021/01/20/executive order advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities through the federal government/ [i] 关于通过联邦政府促进种族平等和支持服务不足社区的行政命令。 https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing room/presidential actions/2021/01/20/executive order advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities through the federal 政府/ [ii] The White House. Remarks by President Biden on the Supreme Court Decision to Overturn Roe v. Wade. Jun. 24, 2022. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing room/speeches remarks/2022/06/24/remarks by president biden on the supreme court decision to overturn roe v wade/ [ii] 白宫。拜登总统就最高法院推翻罗伊诉韦德案的决定发表讲话。 2022 年 6 月 24 日。https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing room/speeches remarks/2022/06/24/remarks by president biden on the supreme court decision to 推翻罗伊诉韦德/ Data Privacy Notice and Explanation Human Alternatives, Consideration, and Fallback You should be protected from abusive data practices via built in protections and you should have agency over how data about you is used. You should be protected from violations of privacy through design choices that ensure such protections are included by default, including ensuring that data collection conforms to reasonable expectations and that only data strictly necessary for the specific context is collected. Designers, developers, and deployers of automated systems should seek your permission and respect your decisions regarding collection, use, access, transfer, and deletion of your data in appropriate ways and to the greatest extent possible; where not possible, alternative privacy by design safeguards should be used. Systems should not employ user experience and design decisions that obfuscate user choice or burden users with defaults that are privacy invasive. Consent should only be used to justify collection of data in cases where it can be appropriately and meaningfully given. Any consent requests should be brief, be understandable in plain language, and give you agency over data collection and the specific context of use; current hard to understand notice and choice